The modern periodic law defined that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are the periodic configurations of their electronic configurations.
The periodic table which we have now contain 8 vertical columns which are known as groups and 7 horizontal rows which are called as periods.
Specifying groups, there are 18 groups in the periodic table. These groups are represented by Roman numerals as I to VIII as A and B groups.
Respective of A and B, totally all these groups are numbered as 1 to 18.
Each group of elements are called as element family or a chemical family.
Family of the group named by the first element of the group.
- IA Alkali metal family
- IIA alkali earth metal family
- IIIA Boran family
- IVA Carbon family
- VA Nitrogen family
- VIA Chalcogen family
- VIIA Halogen family
- VIIIA Nobel gas family
The orbital of the given element is depends upon the last electron enters into. The elements are classified into 4 blocks. As s,p,d and f.
In these blocks, s and p block elements are known as representative elements.
d block elements are known as transition elements and
F block elements are called inner transition elements.
Coming to periods,
The elements present at rows in the periodic table are called periods.
In periodic table, there are 7 periods..these periods are represented by Arabic numerals 1 to 7 and also there are only 2 elements in the first period.
- Hydrogen(H)
- Helium(He)
There are only eight elements present in the second period of the periodic table.
And third period also contain 8 elements.
The 4th and 5th period contains 18 elements.
There are 32 elements present in 6th period.
And the seventh period is incomplete. Means there a place for new elements
Accept these some elements present at bottom of the periodic table.
Those are called as lanthanoids and actinoids.
Those elements are known as f block elements.
According to atomic numbers, the order of the elements is as follow :
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Lithium
- Berilium
- Boran
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Fluorine
- Neon
- Sodium
- Magnesium
- Aluminium
- Silicon
- Phosphorus
- Sulphur
- Chlorine
- Aron
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Scandium
- Titanium
- Vanadium
- Chromium
- Manganese
- Iron
- Cobalt
- Nickel
- Copper
- Zinc
- Gallium
- Germanium
- Arsenic
- Selenium
- Bromine
- Krypton
- Rubidium
- Strontium
- Yttrium
- Zirconium
- Niobium
- Molybdenum
- Technetium
- Ruthenium
- Rhodium
- Palladium
- Silver
- Cadmium
- Indium
- Tin
- Antimony
- Tellurium
- Iodine
- Xenon
- Caesium
- Barium
- Lanthanum
- Cerium
- Praseodymium
- Neodymium
- Promethium
- Samarium
- Europium
- Gadolinium
- Terbium
- Dysprosium
- Holmium
- Erbium
- Thulium
- Ytterbium
- Lutetium
- Hafnium
- Tantalum
- Tungsten
- Rhenium
- Osmium
- Iridium
- Platinum
- Gold
- Mercury
- Thallium
- Lead
- Bismuth
- Polonium
- Astatine
- Radon
- Francium
- Radium
- Actinium
- Thorium
- Protactinium
- Uranium
- Neptunium
- Plutonium
- Americium
- Curium
- Berkelium
- Californium
- Einsteinium
- Fermium
- Mendelevium
- Nobelium
- Lawrencium
- Rutherfordium
- Dubnium
- Seaborgium
- Bohrium
- Hassium
- Meitnerium
- Darmstadtium
- Roentgenium
- Copernicium
- Nihonium
- Flerovium
- Moscovium
- Livermorium
- Tennessine
- Oganesson
These are whole elements we have till today in present periodic table.
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